Iklil Journal of Human Studies is refereed for scientific publishing purposes issued quarterly by the Iraqi Scientific Society for Manuscripts
الجمعية العراقية العلمية للمخطوطات والدراسات الانسانية - بغداد / العراق
Administrative policy For the Arab Islamic State towards the financial crises in Iraq (247-447 A.H / 861-1055 A.D.)
Perhaps the most dangerous thing facing mankind today is the financial crisis because it is that happened, they threaten the political and social system in the same time, the financial crisis is the stage of the economic cycle, which upset the balance between production and consumption, and is characterized by the presence of an excess of goods that do not find it buys , lower prices and increase the number of unemployed and The contraction of domestic and foreign trade and the multiplicity of bankruptcy cases. What we want his statement in this research measures taken by the Islamic state to the financial crises in the Abbasid era, which has seen great economic transformations between the prosperity and well-being excessive, and between crises threatened the structure of the state. Therefore research focused on the actions illegal land as collateral and military Alaqtaat and forfeitures and resorting to bankers and others in order to get money and solve the financial crisis
ا.د مازن صباح عبد الامير الاعرجي - رئيس الجمعية العراقية العلمية للمخطوطات
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The intellectual impact of Moroccans on the countries of Andalusia during my time Almoravids and Almohads
Studies dealing with the intellectual impact of Andalusia on the countries of the Maghreb during the Almoravid and Almohad eras have received wide attention from researchers and scholars, and I have written on this aspect dozens of books, literature, research papers, letters and university theses, whether inside or outside Iraq, which have dealt with it extensively from various and different angles. However, the intellectual impact of Moroccans on Andalusia during the two mentioned eras did not receive the same attention. Rather, the libraries almost lacked university research or studies that dealt with this aspect despite its importance in the history of Arab Islamic thought, so no one can overlook or deny the active contributions of Moroccan scholars and writers in the fields Arts, sciences and other fields that had a clear intellectual impact on the general intellectual life in the most important cities of Andalusia.
Sultan Sanjar and his political role in building the government of Khorasan
يعد سنجر من سلاطين السلاجقة العظام والذي استمر حكمه نحو ستين عام اعترفت به السلاجقة زعيماً لهم وحصل على تأييد الخلافة العباسية. تأتي أهمية دراسة حياة السلطان سنجر السياسية والعسكرية كونه لعب دوراً مهماً في تثبيت أركان السلطة السلجوقية في المشرق الاسلامي المتمثلة بحكومة خراسان ، والتأثير الكبير والواضح في أيجاد توازن بين سلطة سلاجقة خراسان وسلاجقة العراق من خلال دور الموازن في ترتيب اوضاع البيت السلجوقي بسبب حالة الشقاق المستمر بين امراء السلاجقة حول العرش وبين التصدي لزحف القبائل التركية القادمة من وراء النهر. أن الدراسة أـظهرت الجوانب السياسية والعسكرية لحياة السلطان سنجر في بناء مملكة خراسان طغت على الجوانب الحضارية والاقتصادية والتي يمكن أن تكون في دراسة لاحقة.
Religious tolerance in Eastern civilizations: visions and elements of convergence
The research deals with tolerance in the era of Cyrus the Achaemenid with the Jews and with the religions of Babylon، especially when Babylon was overthrown on his hand and how the Zoroastrian religion dealt with other religions، especially with the Christian religion during the Sassanid state and what is the role of the Islamic religion in tolerance with other religions، and it links with the general tolerance of our present time . Religious tolerance is a human demand، especially the tolerance shown by King Cyrus the Achaemenid towards the Jewish community in Babylon، which prompted Jews to promise him with the promised Savior or Savior. Cyrus' dealings with the religious beliefs present in Babylonia constituted a policy of tolerance that was therefore acceptable to all religious advocates، because his policy was the closest to human instinct.
ا.م.د. خالدة حمود سلمان الجبوري قسم التاريخ/كلية التربية/الجامعة المستنصرية
Compare the results of studies based on a problem-solving strategy with the results of studies with other strategies
Abstract: The current century is witnessing a comprehensive knowledge development that imposed its challenges on all areas of life، including the educational field. Modern means of communication، in addition to comprehensive technical progress، helped to establish this development، which contributed to the presence of many new knowledge and information، and as a result educational institutions should play their role In addressing the accompanying and keeping pace with this massive knowledge explosion and preparing the manpower capable of dealing with it with thought، awareness and creativity، and this requires the use of various skills in thinking. The concept of thinking refers to the cognitive activity that is related to the problems and attitudes surrounding the individual، and the ability to analyze the information that he receives through his various senses، using his prior knowledge. Abstract: The current century is witnessing a comprehensive knowledge development that imposed its challenges on all areas of life، including the educational field. Modern means of communication، in addition to comprehensive technical progress، helped to establish this development، which contributed to the presence of many new knowledge and information، and as a result educational institutions should play their role In addressing the accompanying and keeping pace with this massive knowledge explosion and preparing the manpower capable of dealing with it with thought، awareness and creativity، and this requires the use of various skills in thinking. The concept of thinking refers to the cognitive activity that is related to the problems and attitudes surrounding the individual، and the ability to analyze the information that he receives through his various senses، using his prior knowledge. Abstract: The current century is witnessing a comprehensive knowledge development that imposed its challenges on all areas of life، including the educational field. Modern means of communication، in addition to comprehensive technical progress، helped to establish this development، which contributed to the presence of many new knowledge and information، and as a result educational institutions should play their role In addressing the accompanying and keeping pace with this massive knowledge explosion and preparing the manpower capable of dealing with it with thought، awareness and creativity، and this requires the use of various skills in thinking. The concept of thinking refers to the cognitive activity that is related to the problems and attitudes surrounding the individual، and the ability to analyze the information that he receives through his various senses، using his prior knowledge.
أ.م.د. رنا حسيب كاظم / الجامعة المستنصرية / جمهورية العراق. طرائق تدريس
DOMAT AL-JANDL Oasis A study in its General Conditions Pre Islam
The oases were littered in the Arabian Peninsula amid the desert from north to south with different areas. It had a great and an important role for the political and economic level wherever it was found in the Arabian Peninsula، because of it site was important as a commercial line or it was near important cultural centers as well as land fertility. The important role of the oasis helped in feeding the populations of the Arabian Peninsula with different agricultural or industrial products، as well as its importance as an important commercial centers which are included many markets in which many commercial activities made as purchase، sell، transactions and saving requirements of the foreign buyers. DOMAT AL-JANDL Oasis is one of these oases which became a part of the Arabian Peninsula in the northwest. The research aimed to highlight this oasis of establishment، importance، general conditions and the political impact of the region. So، I divided it into: First: Abstract، Second: Oases Establishment، Third: DOMAT AL-JANDL Oasis included the following subjects: name، site، climate، political conditions، economic conditions، social conditions، religious beliefs، Fourth: Conclusion and Fifth: Resources and references List. in my The oases were littered in the Arabian Peninsula amid the desert from north to south with different areas. It had a great and an important role for the political and economic level wherever it was found in the Arabian Peninsula، because of it site was important as a commercial line or it was near important cultural centers as well as land fertility. The important role of the oasis helped in feeding the populations of the Arabian Peninsula with different agricultural or industrial products، as well as its importance as an important commercial centers which are included many markets in which many commercial activities made as purchase، sell، transactions and saving requirements of the foreign buyers. DOMAT AL-JANDL Oasis is one of these oases which became a part of the Arabian Peninsula in the northwest. The research aimed to highlight this oasis of establishment، importance، general conditions and the political impact of the region. So، I divided it into: First: Abstract، Second: Oases Establishment، Third: DOMAT AL-JANDL Oasis included the following subjects: name، site، climate، political conditions، economic conditions، social conditions، religious beliefs، Fourth: Conclusion and Fifth: Resources and references List. in my The oases were littered in the Arabian Peninsula amid the desert from north to south with different areas. It had a great and an important role for the political and economic level wherever it was found in the Arabian Peninsula، because of it site was important as a commercial line or it was near important cultural centers as well as land fertility. The important role of the oasis helped in feeding the populations of the Arabian Peninsula with different agricultural or industrial products، as well as its importance as an important commercial centers which are included many markets in which many commercial activities made as purchase، sell، transactions and saving requirements of the foreign buyers. DOMAT AL-JANDL Oasis is one of these oases which became a part of the Arabian Peninsula in the northwest. The research aimed to highlight this oasis of establishment، importance، general conditions and the political impact of the region. So، I divided it into: First: Abstract، Second: Oases Establishment، Third: DOMAT AL-JANDL Oasis included the following subjects: name، site، climate، political conditions، economic conditions، social conditions، religious beliefs، Fourth: Conclusion and Fifth: Resources and references List. in my The oases were littered in the Arabian Peninsula amid the desert from north to south with different areas. It had a great and an important role for the political and economic level wherever it was found in the Arabian Peninsula، because of it site was important as a commercial line or it was near important cultural centers as well as land fertility. The important role of the oasis helped in feeding the populations of the Arabian Peninsula with different agricultural or industrial products، as well as its importance as an important commercial centers which are included many markets in which many commercial activities made as purchase، sell، transactions and saving requirements of the foreign buyers. DOMAT AL-JANDL Oasis is one of these oases which became a part of the Arabian Peninsula in the northwest. The research aimed to highlight this oasis of establishment، importance، general conditions and the political impact of the region. So، I divided it into: First: Abstract، Second: Oases Establishment، Third: DOMAT AL-JANDL Oasis included the following subjects: name، site، climate، political conditions، economic conditions، social conditions، religious beliefs، Fourth: Conclusion and Fifth: Resources and references List. in my The oases were littered in the Arabian Peninsula amid the desert from north to south with different areas. It had a great and an important role for the political and economic level wherever it was found in the Arabian Peninsula، because of it site was important as a commercial line or it was near important cultural centers as well as land fertility. The important role of the oasis helped in feeding the populations of the Arabian Peninsula with different agricultural or industrial products، as well as its importance as an important commercial centers which are included many markets in which many commercial activities made as purchase، sell، transactions and saving requirements of the foreign buyers. DOMAT AL-JANDL Oasis is one of these oases which became a part of the Arabian Peninsula in the northwest. The research aimed to highlight this oasis of establishment، importance، general conditions and the political impact of the region. So، I divided it into: First: Abstract، Second: Oases Establishment، Third: DOMAT AL-JANDL Oasis included the following subjects: name، site، climate، political conditions، economic conditions، social conditions، religious beliefs، Fourth: Conclusion and Fifth: Resources and references List. in my The oases were littered in the Arabian Peninsula amid the desert from north to south with different areas. It had a great and an important role for the political and economic level wherever it was found in the Arabian Peninsula، because of it site was important as a commercial line or it was near important cultural centers as well as land fertility. The important role of the oasis helped in feeding the populations of the Arabian Peninsula with different agricultural or industrial products، as well as its importance as an important commercial centers which are included many markets in which many commercial activities made as purchase، sell، transactions and saving requirements of the foreign buyers. DOMAT AL-JANDL Oasis is one of these oases which became a part of the Arabian Peninsula in the northwest. The research aimed to highlight this oasis of establishment، importance، general conditions and the political impact of the region. So، I divided it into: First: Abstract، Second: Oases Establishment، Third: DOMAT AL-JANDL Oasis included the following subjects: name، site، climate، political conditions، economic conditions، social conditions، religious beliefs، Fourth: Conclusion and Fifth: Resources and references List. in my The oases were littered in the Arabian Peninsula amid the desert from north to south with different areas. It had a great and an important role for the political and economic level wherever it was found in the Arabian Peninsula، because of it site was important as a commercial line or it was near important cultural centers as well as land fertility. The important role of the oasis helped in feeding the populations of the Arabian Peninsula with different agricultural or industrial products، as well as its importance as an important commercial centers which are included many markets in which many commercial activities made as purchase، sell، transactions and saving requirements of the foreign buyers. DOMAT AL-JANDL Oasis is one of these oases which became a part of the Arabian Peninsula in the northwest. The research aimed to highlight this oasis of establishment، importance، general conditions and the political impact of the region. So، I divided it into: First: Abstract، Second: Oases Establishment، Third: DOMAT AL-JANDL Oasis included the following subjects: name، site، climate، political conditions، economic conditions، social conditions، religious beliefs، Fourth: Conclusion and Fifth: Resources and references List. in my
The official and popular Lebanese position on the Camp David agreement
Sadat's visit in November 1977، Egypt، led to the signing of the Camp David agreement with Israel in September 1978، which stipulated the signing of the peace treaty after agreeing on the outstanding issues between the two parties، within a period of three months، and then starting the autonomy talks on the West Bank and Gaza Regarding stopping the Lebanese civil war، Sadat's steps from its beginning faced a wide Arab and popular Arab rejection، including Lebanon، so that Sadat's visit constituted a new test for Lebanon's positions، which embarrassed Lebanon، due to the varied positions of the Lebanese parties between supporters and opponents. R to keep pace with the Arab countries that refuse to visit in order to preserve Arab solidarity
United State of America's Stand Towards Rebellion Movements in Indonesia 1958-1963
Indonesia Witnessed a wide range of rebellion movements that led President Ahmed Soekarno to use force to end them. The United State of America tried to play a dual role by providing both parties with weapons and ammunitions, and there are two questions that arise in this regard: what are the reasons that led the United States of America to play this role? And what are the methods it used to play this role? This paper tried to highlight the events in Indonesia at the time when the world was governed by two major powers: the United States of America and Soviet Union. Asia fell under the competition of these two powerful countries that had international relations that led to many changes, that were regarded as an important and decisive factor in the political events and foreign affairs of the political arena of the countries of south east Asia in the second half of the twentieth century , which led to a cold war which in its nature led to create a new balance in regards to these relations, on the other hand , in contrast with the opposition of Soekarno to the western powers and Imperialism, and tensions in Malaysia , the foreign affairs of Indonesia had been changed since "the new policy" that Suharto declared which is based on building relations based on political and economic cooperation with western countries , while the United States of America tried to hold the stick in the middle in its relations with the rebels and the central government especially when the Soviet interference was in favor of the Indonesian government whom it provided with weapons to end rebellions , in addition to communism that spread in Asia at that time, which was regarded the first enemy to the United States of America in Asia that threated its interests , whoever tracks the American documents finds that the successive American Administrations observed the events and developments in Indonesia and the status of the relations between the latter and the rebels and the Soviet Union where the United States of America was concerned of the military reinforcements for both parties in case of using them against the Dutch, its allies in West New Guinea.
ASMAA ALSAHABAA ALBADRIEN By Abd Al-Latif Ibn Muhammad Al-Dimashqi Al-Shami was alive in 1162 A.H))
ASMAA ALSAHABAA ALBADRIEN By Abd Al-Latif Ibn Muhammad Al-Dimashqi Al-Shami was alive in 1162 A.H)) study and search Assist. Prof. Dr. Dhahir A. Qader The Dean College of Arts – University of Imam Sadiq dr.daher2001@sadiq.edu.iq BAGHDAD 2020 AD – 1441 AH is that most of the men of the Badr are immigrants from Mecca، Aus and Khazraj from the people of Medina، and these people responded to the call of the Holy Prophet at the Battle of Badr in the holy month of Ramadan. He saw and then began dividing the manuscript into two parts، the first of which was the names، and he mentioned them according to the letters and the second section according to the surnames and according to the letters. The number of men in the manuscript increased to 363 from the usual number of 317 or 313 men. The author also relied on specific sources، namely the son of the master of the people in the eyes of the relic and the son of a stone in the injury، as noted in his introduction، and sometimes exaggerated the narratives of the prophets of the Bader companions
الأستاذ المساعد الدكتور ظاهر أحمد قادر / عميد كلية الآداب – جامعة الإمام الصادق (ع)
The Minister Sadr al-Din Zinjani (Sadrjihan) And his role in the administrative and System of the Ilkhanid state financial
Research Summary: This research deals with the personality of the administrator Sadruddin Al-Khaldi, who is famous for the minister Sadr Jahan, who is one of the most important figures who left a clear imprint in the administrative and financial system of the Ilkhanid state, which was founded in( 656 AH / 1258AD) after the fall of the Abbasid Caliphate on large areas of the Islamic East. This Muslim administrator who had He held several positions in administration and finance entrusted to the position of the ministry twice during the reigns of two Mughal rulers, namely Kikkhatu khan (690-694 AH / 1291-1295 AD), the fifth Mughal rulers of the Ilkhanis, and the first years of the rule of Sultan Mahmoud Ghazan (694-703AH / 1295-1304 CE) Before he paid his life a bit for this position. In summary, according to what was mentioned about the biography of Minister Sadr al-Din al-Zanjani and his most important work, it can be said that this minister was one of the most important personalities who left a distinctive character and character in the administrative and financial system of the Ilkhanid state, and that what he did in spite of the period of his tenure to the position of the ministry for a short period made him in the ranks of senior ministers of that era. Among the likes of Shams al-Din al-Juwayni and Rashid al-Din al-Hamdani, it suffices to say that his name was associated with the first publication of paper criticism in Islamic countries
ا. م. د. سـهـاد خـزعل نجـيـب / الجـامعـة المـستنصريـة/ كلية التربية / قسم التاريخ
The impact of Iraqi scholars on the intellectual movement In Egypt, 358-567 AH
Abstract After opining Egypt , it became a place of departure of the people of knowledge from scholars and writers . And this was confirmed in the days of Faitimid succession , it was spend more than two centuries , The Faitimid imams work to support and encourage scholars and writers . They want to consolidate their property and attract them until their supporters abound . The men of thought have found their way into Faitimid Egypt , because of they found big material and moral support . As well as most of Faitimid imams and their minsters from the people of knowledge and literature . An atmosphere like this was magnet to Egypt from many scholars and writers , they come to Egypt from different places , from Al-Andalus , Morocco , the Levant and the land of Arabian Island . The Iraqi scholars had big contribution to the development of the intellectual movement . In this humble research we have come up with great names in the field of Jurisprudence , hadith , literature , Philosophy and medicine , had clear effect in the development of the intellectual movement , by what they offer from knowledge and sciences . The brevity is the method in this research , avoid lengthen , so as not to deviate from the intend intention of in this research
أ.م.د رحيم خلف عكلة / الجـامعـة المـستنصريـة كلية التربية / قسم التاريخ
Effeminacy in the era of Prophet Mohammad (pbup) as a historical study
Introduction : Praise be to God, Lord of the worlds, and prayers and peace be upon the most honorable prophets and messengers, Muhammad and the good and pure God. Today we live a strange reality, as the number of bisexual people has increased, and they have become present in our Islamic world, and we have not distinguished between men and women. Despite the fact that the historical material about the effeminate in the era of the letter was short and we did not find her mentioning only a few plucking in the historical sources and references as well as the novels in the books of the Sahih and Sunnah. Arabs have known hermaphroditism since ancient times, and it was not a common practice among them. But the Holy Qur’an did not put an end to the one who practiced this obscenity, but merely defamed it, which made the jurists disagree among themselves regarding the extent of the perpetrator of the obscene. God also wanted to create the living based on the nature of reproduction, so he made the creatures two types, male and female, and made them a lot to create in order to continue the life. Therefore, God Almighty did not make a third type, so we had to know the people who is the transvestite. It is divided into two parts: the first is the hermaphrodite of the creature who is not known for bad and bad deeds, and the second: the hermaphrodite that creates the creation of women, this research is concerned with the second section, just as the Prophet (may God’s prayers and peace be upon him and God) has cursed those who resemble men to women because it is an ugly habit and is considered to be its perpetrator Sinful and sinful. Also, the Islamic schools of thought differed in their opinions about the effeminate, some of them said in the negation, that is, taking them out of the cities, and some of them said otherwise, and some of them said stoning, killing, and other legal matters that we will address some of them, given that the research is historical and not dogmatic.
ا. م. د نهاد حميد العيبي / الجـامعـة المـستنصريـة كلية التربية / قسم التاريخ
The relationship between Salah al-Din and Nur al-Din Zangi (543-569 AH / 1148-114 CE)
Abstract The relationship between the Ayoubs and Nour El-Den Mahmoud was strong and solid, it was based on the trust they had for each other, Asad El-Den sherikoh (the uncle of Salah El-Den)was the right hand for Nour El-Den Zenkki, and he leaded three campaigns to Egypt, Salah El-Den was an escort for his uncle Asad El-Den in his campaign and after the third one Sherikkoh became the minster for the Khalifa Aded in Egypt, but he was loyal to Nour El-Den Zenkki, after the death of Sherikkoh , Salah El-Den took the ministry in Egypt. After the death of Aasd El-Den, Salah El-Den became a minster in Egypt, the khalifa Aded of Egypt approved along with Nour El-Den Mahmoud, but there was a disagreement and some misunderstanding between Nour and Salah El-Den, which is natural between the leaders ,the real danger was the close liner close to Salah El-Den which spread rumors between both of them, but it didn’t succeed in archiving its goals, the wisdom of Najm El-Den Ayoub (the father of Salah) had a great major it stop the fight before it happened
د. غسان محمود وشاح - رئيس قسم التاريخ والآثار في الجامعة الإسلامية بغزة
ALQuds in the Japanese eyes, Kenjiro Tokutomi`s description of the city
In travel literature, the historical narrative is associated with social studies and geographical and literary description. Since the Middle Ages, the East has been a source of interest for many researchers due to the treasure of ancient civilizations and the source of launch of unified religious massages as well as the importance of economic and the important of geographical position among the world continents, therefore it was the destination for many travelers of orientalists and Arabs for many reasons, such as trying to understand the East and reveal its secrets for purposes of economic and political dimensions or to visit the holy places and perform their religious ritual there
م. د ياسين خضير حسن/ جمهورية العراق / وزارة التربية
The development of the educational institution in Islam: A historical study
Abstract: Science and learning were taken a greatest importance for the Islamic religion when almighty Allah ordered through the verses of the Holy Quran and the holy prophet Mohammed (peace be upon him) through his Hadiths and Sunnah. In addition, Muslims acquired knowledge and learning, and seeking towards gaining it. This research therefore focuses on the development of the educational institution in Islam to illustrate the progress that had made by Muslims in the development of a science and sciences across institutions which had been achieved the education mission. That mission was started through accommodation houses and educational mosques which were multiple in the history of Islamic culture at such as The Prophet 's Mosque in Medina, the Great Mosque of Mecca, the Great Mosque of Kufa, Al-Aqsa Mosque in Jerusalem, the Umayyad Mosque in Damascus, and Al-Azhar Mosque in Egypt. Moreover, it was discussed the role of the reading and its divisions, the shops of education, papermakers, and Pemstranat where the most famous doctors in the history of the Islamic world worked and. Finally, this study has reviewed several schools of the architectural aspects in Iraq, Syria, Egypt, and Iran as well as the reasons of their appearance in terms of political and religious motives. Then, this study sheds light on the role of the intellectual movement through the Islamic historical periods, focusing on its architectural style to be a witness to the originality of Islamic civilization and its rich heritage.
Le rôle du système de gestion des documents d'activité dans la mise en place d'une gouvernance documentaire stratégique dans les institutions administratives
Abstract This study illustrates how important the role of the activity document management system is in the implementation of strategic documentary governance with in organizations that manage a great deal of documentation and information, By demonstrating the importance of working in accordance with international established standards in this regard. It also reviews how to deal with this documentary explosion by adopting a documentary policy that contributes to decision-making, monitors and stream lines processes related to activity documents, and supports the process of continuous improvement of the document management system and its integration into other management systems. The study also touched up on a range of tools that would help the organization move towards establishing documentary governance that would be profitable and useful
د. فتيحة قوميد قسم علم المكتبات والعلوم الوثائقية جامعة وهران 01 أحمد بن بلة
Making ink and its tools in Iraq, dating from the tenth century until the thirteenth century AH , A study of some manuscripts of al-Abbas holy shrine properties
Abstract It may come to mind that the centuries which followed the fall of the Abbasid rule in 656AH, were dark ages, but the researcher who seeks in the manuscripts of that period, will find a great scientific effort. We can find thousands of books in various field of knowledge , in spite of the political, economical and social troubles that Iraq faced in that era. The shortage of researches concern the collections perhaps could reflect the Iraqi reality which brought this idea of dark ages to mind. As, we couldn't find souch information that might help us to reach this fact in Iraq in that period, especially from the tenth century until the thirteenth century AH, so it is better for us to study the ways of making ink and its tools, relying on the manuscripts storage of al-Abbas holy shrine. As, we couldn't find such information that might help us to reach this fact in Iraq in that period, specifically from the tenth century until the thirteenth century AH, so it is better for us to study the ways of making ink and its tools , relying on the manuscripts storage of al-Abbas holy shrine. We are trying to make our field laboratory research as a source of knowledge for the scholars. We depended on the materialistic sources more than on written books. This is the concept of the laboratory research, which means the results will depended on the analysis as a main source. We can say, these collections are our sources, to show the method of making ink and its tools in the limited time that is devoted to research as mentioned above
أ. د. مازن صباح الاعرجي / رئيس الجمعية العراقية العلمية للمخطوطات
The concept of renaissance and reform at Abdul Rahman Al-Kawakibi
Abstract: The research deals with the ideas and opinions of the great reformer Abd al-Rahman Ahmad Baha'i Muhammad Masoud al-Kawakibi (1271 AH / 1855 - 1320 AH / 1902 AD), one of the pioneers and thinkers of the Arab Renaissance in the nineteenth century, and one of the founders of Arab nationalist thought, best known for the book “Natures of Tyranny and Wrestling of Slavery”, which It is considered one of the most important Arab books in the nineteenth century that discuss the phenomenon of political tyranny, and the research reviews with a new vision a collection of the most important ideas and reforms proposed by Al-Kawakibi that returned to the Islamic and Arab nation with positive returns that helped them in the revival and the achievement of complete and complete independence in the future.
م. د. عبد السلام متعب عيدان الربيعي / مقرر قسم التاريخ / الجـامعـة المـستنصريـة كلية التربية / قسم التاريخ
The science of chemistry in the letters of the Ikhwān al-ṣafā and Khalan Al-Wafa "Brethren of Purity" (4th century A.H /10th century A.D) (historical study)
Abstract: The brothers of Ikhwān al-ṣafā and Khalan Al-Wafa "Brethren of Purity" were interested in the science of chemistry and knew this science and made it a chemistry industry and they followed the old doctrine of secrecy in it, and they believed that some minerals would be transformed into the ground within a long or short time according to the mineral. Definitions of distillation, escalation, analysis and convention, and they knew mixing and blending, and the Al-Safa Brothers discussed the processes of purification, softening, filtering, casting, and thawing, and explained them practically and explained the effect of each addition on them, what changed in them chemically, and these additions were termed (drugs and pharmaceutical) , and the Al-Safa Brothers distinguished themselves in offering the chemical sequence (the ranks and stations) where they realized the existence of a free natural sequence for them and they headed that after the water comes the salt and after the dirt comes the plaster and used the word Ashraf to denote the differentiation of each other in the purity of their chemically mineral and count them, and they knew the possibility of fire in The separation of gems by analysis, examination and purification
الباحث نعمان عبد الرزاق البياتي / سكرتير التحرير لمجلة اكليل والمدير الفني للجمعية العراقية العلمية للمخطوطات
Translation and acculturation between the Arab world and Latin America
Abstract In this paper, we briefly approach the history of Middle Eastern Arabs in Latin America, emphasizing the importance and contribution of literary translation in the mutual knowledge between the Arab world and the American continent. We first shed light on the beginnings of such immigration in America and then we will quote some Latin authors of Arab origin and introduce some of the most outstanding literary translators who brought the Latin American reality closer to the Arab reader, and finally we highlight the Arab mark left on Latin American literature. Abstract In this paper, we briefly approach the history of Middle Eastern Arabs in Latin America, emphasizing the importance and contribution of literary translation in the mutual knowledge between the Arab world and the American continent. We first shed light on the beginnings of such immigration in America and then we will quote some Latin authors of Arab origin and introduce some of the most outstanding literary translators who brought the Latin American reality closer to the Arab reader, and finally we highlight the Arab mark left on Latin American literature. Resumen En este trabajo abordamos brevemente la historia de los árabes de Oriente Medio en América Latina, resaltamos la importancia y la contribución de la traducción literaria en el conocimiento mutuo entre el mundo árabe y el continente americano. Primero arrojamos la luz sobre los inicios de dicha inmigración en América, después citaremos a algunos autores latinos de origen árabe y damos a conocer a algunos traductores literarios más destacados que acercaron la realidad latinoamericana al lector árabe, y por fin destacamos la influencia en la literatura latinoamericana.
د. عبد الخالق نجمي / باحث في جامعة مدريد المستقلة
Freedom of belief in Islam and its impact on promoting societal peace
يهدف هذا البحث المتواضع الى التعريف ولو بالنزر القليل في موضوعه حرية الاعتقاد في الاسلام والمساهمة في الوقوف على مجمل عموم هذا الحق الذي اعطاه الاسلام للفرد المسلم وغير المسلم ومديات تلك الحرية وفقاً للشريعة نفسها.. لاسيما ان هذا البحث قد طرح بعض الاسئلة ضمناً من خلال البحث نفسه منها حدود حرية الاعتقاد في الاسلام وما هي الاسس التي تقوم عليها بعباره اخرى ما هي ضوابط تلك الحرية زيادة على مدى فسحة الحرية للاخر غير المسلم... لقد قمت في هذا البحث المتواضع بتدرج منهجي في نطاق المنحنى التاريخي للاحداث وذلك لان مدار البحث هو تاريخ اسلامي ... ولعل اهم النتائج التي توضحت لي من خلال هذا البحث ان الحرية في الاسلام واقع فعلي يدور في فلك الشرع والتشريع بالنسبة للمسلمين ... من جهة اخرى فأن غير المسلمين يتمتعون بحرية تتصف بسمه التوازن واحترام الشرع فضلاً عن مشاعر المسلمين الذين يعدون الاغلبية في ديارهم. وظلت حرية الاعتقاد حق لا غبار عليه عاشته الطوائف والملل في دار الاسلام ... وظلت تلك الاقليات الدينية والعرقية تنعم بالعيش الرغيد والتسامح من المسلمين وان ما حصل عبر التاريخ من تعد على هذه الطوائف والاقليات كان ولا زال لا يعبر عن روح الاسلام الحقيقية بل كان يمثل الحكام انفسهم ولا نستطيع بكل الاحوال ان نضعه على الاسلام... (*) الجامعة المستنصرية/ كلية التربية المقدمة مثل هذا البحث (حرية الاعتقاد في الاسلام وأثرها في تعزيز السلم المجتمعي) محاولة متواضعة لبيان وتبيان ظاهرة بل قضية اساسية طالما ظلت مدار الحوار السلبي والايجابي في ذلك .... وقد حاولت من خلال هذا البحث أن اعبر عن وجهة نظري المتواضعة وأبين حقيقة ذات اهمية بائنة للعيان يعترف بها الداني والقاصي ويقربها الصديق والعدو مفادها أن أصل الدين بل هدف الاديان الحقيقي هي تحقيق السعادة والتوازن مع الطبيعة والحياة ولما كان الاسلام بمنظومته الفكرية التشريعية واحكامه الثابتة، فضلاً عن حضارة العظيمة لا يأنف من الحرية وممارستها طالما ظلت هذه الحرية لا ترتطم بجدار السلم الاهلي ولا تدخل في مساس مشاعر الاخرين .... ضمن الشروط واللوائح المعمول بها في ارقى المجتمعات المدنية ... فالحرية التي تمتع بها اهل الاديان الكتابية والوضعية مسار اعتزاز تاريخي واضح وهي من حقائق الاسلام البديهية على الرغم من أن في كل تواريخ العالم هناك حالات شاذه من هنا وهناك بيد أن كل ذلك لا يرجع على الاسلام نفسه بل الى سوء فهم النصوص الامر الذي ولد في العصر الحديث مصطلح الاسلام التاريخي والذي ليس له صورة في الاسلام الحقيقي لأنه يعبر عن امزجة الحكام المسلمين وفهمهم الخاص للدين... وهذا ليس له أصل في المنظومة الفكرية للإسلام التي عنوانها المحبة والتسامح والعيش الكريم في ظل عدالة اجتماعية حقيقية تعبر عن وجهة نظر انسانية حقيقة بأنسانيتها لأجل تحقيق الهدف الاسمى لهذا الانسان الذي هو خليفة الارض ... تطرقت في هذا البحث الى الحرية لغةٍ واصطلاحاً وابعاد هذه الحرية في الاسلام موضحاً انسانية الاسلام ومبيناً موقف الاسلام من الحريات متخذاً من الحرية السياسية انموذجاً (المعارضة, الحوار) ومستعرضاً موقف الاسلام من الديانات الكتابية (اليهودية, النصرانية).
م.م. عبد الرضا موات عرمان الجـامعـة المـستنصريـة كلية التربية / قسم التاريخ
A System in the Science of Experimental Medicine by Sheikh Ahmad Al-Damanhouri: Study and Investigation"Imam Ahmad ibn Abd al-Mun'im al-Damanhouri (1101 - 1192 AH
Summary of the research: "A System in the Science of Experimental Medicine by Sheikh Ahmad Al-Damanhouri: Study and Investigation"Imam Ahmad ibn Abd al- Mun'im al-Damanhouri (1101 - 1192 AH) is the Sheikh of Al-Azhar, the musnad of Egypt in the twelfth century AH. He is distinguished by the madhhabiyya. He was called the madahebiy for his complete knowledge of the four schools of thought. The moderate is a doctrine, jurisprudence and appraisal, as it combines the Sharia and the method, combines the Qur’an with reading and interpretation, the Sunnah is a narration and know-how, and has many compilations that express encyclopedia in culture and inclusiveness in science. Including "a system in the science of experimental medicine." It represents the medical culture in the era of al-Nazim and also indicates his historical and scientific culture in this area, as he benefited from the sources in the medical science tested before him .. The system is from Al-Bahr Al-Basit and after the investigation it contains 48 houses, and in the investigation it relied on two different copies, the first was a manuscript in the public treasury in Rabat, and the second was a printed text that was contained in an old book transferred from a copy other than the copy of the treasury of Rabat. So I met them and investigated the text of the system and set its vocabulary and its poetic weight, and used the methodology of the chosen text (the fabricated) to bring them together to produce the text in the best form and complete it, especially since there is no reliable or reliable copy. The investigation came in tribal introductions in which I presented the history of medicine among the Arabs and dealt with issues including treatment with drugs of animal origin. I verified the correctness of the system’s ratio to its owner and was translated by Sheikh Ahmed bin Abdel Moneim al-Damanhouri, and I studied transcription and showed my methodology for the investigation, and after investigating the text, I wrote a scout Or an index in the form of a table that deals with the drugs that came in the system, the diseases that treat them, and the method of their use as they came in the verses. I also tried, in commenting on the system, to compare these types of treatment with what is called today modern alternative medicine..
The Role of Democratic National Party in Egypt (1978-1990) and The Reactions of Some Social and Political Powers which carried out Protests and Violence
Abstract The study of parties is considered one of the important nital issues nowadays. The Democratic National Party deserves to be studied since it was the power party and it had power over its members. The party members control all the abilities of the country like economy and policy of the country. This is represented by the dominance of administrative power over the legislative power. The administrative power carried out great pressure over people. The party was founded in 1978 to make contact between the state and the society. It inherited so many tools, frames and organizational traditions of the other Egyptian Parties. The main task of the Democratic National Party and its ideological speech was to support the state policy whenever it was needed. 1990 represented elections of the powerful party. These elections did not represent the Egyptian people as a whole but a part of it. The part followed the Democratic National party. Thus, those who got the higher voices through fraud were members of the party. They controlled the parliament through fraud
political concepts stated in the Iraqi constitutions (1925-1958)
This research deals with the subject of the political concepts stated in the Iraqi constitutions (1925-1958), especially the need of the Iraqi national movement for calling for enacting a constitution that is legislated by the Iraqis themselves appeared as an elected council commission. After the establishment of the Iraqi State in August, 23, 1921 and after Prince Faysal Bin-al-Hussain became a king in Iraq, this king, during his speech in the ceremony of choosing him a king, pledged to enact a law for the kingdom. This was achieved in 1925 when the constitution was endorsed this year and this constitution was valid during the time of the monarchy era. The stages of enacting the constitution has been mentioned in addition to the freedom stipulated in it. Moreover, the adjustments on the constitution have been tackled. The constitution was terminated as a result of the events of the 14 of July Revolution in 1958. This revolution overthrew the whole monarchy regime in Iraq and abolished the constitution. Later on, a temporary constitution was enacted by the government of the revolution
Craft industries in Egypt the Mumluk era
There is no doubt that the industries of Egypt in the Mamluk era were among the most prominent features of their civilization and the most brilliant, and most displayed in the Museum of Islamic Art in Cairo . Indeed Egypt was one of the main centers of Islamic industries, especially handicrafts. Whether civilian or military, its manufacture required effort, accuracy and patience. The most famous of these industries were the manufacture of knives, gilded pens, inlaid with jewels, golden and silver chains, bracelets and anklets of women and wooden industries such as the work of mashrabiyas and others, as well as the palm industry, which was popular in that era and had a great demand by Europeans for the accuracy of its manufacture and beauty, as well as other industries that will be discussed in the research and that contributed to the popularity of the Egyptian handicraft during the Mamluk era .
Literary and scientific creativity of women in Andalusia through a book (Nafah altayyib from the wet branch of Andalusia of Al mqria)
Introduction Andalusian Arab women had a distinctive role in the flourishing of culture and the development of society, and there is no doubt that the emergence of the talents of these women, including poets, teachers, and scholars, is due to two main reasons. The first is the developed Andalusian environment and the tolerance in which they were found. And other parts of Andalusia, motivated people to adopt science and interest in disseminating it and taking great care of arts of all kinds and attracting scholars, poets and artists from the East, where they brought some women scientists to study their sons and daughters with language and jurisprudence. Literature and presentations Andalusian history books were celebrated by mentioning a number of women scholars in Andalusia, and among these books is the book of Nafah Al.tayyib from the drastic branch of Andalusia of the famous Andalusian historian Al- mqria. It is a large scientific encyclopedia on Andalusia, the first half of which guarantees the definition of Andalusia, while the second half of the Minister of Granada, Lisaan al-Din Ibn al-Khatib (d. 776 AH - 1356 CE), is appreciated and admired by him, and the book is composed of two trips of the reciter to Egypt and the Levant away from his homeland of Andalusia. Of importance to the subject of the study, reciter's ears singled out a whole chapter for Andalusian, women with their most prominent achievements.
Islamic State's Censorship over the People of Dhimmi during the Era of the Islamic State and the Alrrashida Caliphate - Market Overseer’s Censorship as Representative Model-
Abstract Hisbah (accountability) is one of the religious plans based on the command of virtue and prevention of vice. Hisbah is one of the most important interests, including the benefits of the people and the preservation of their money and regularity of their conditions. This profession requires the control of prices, the quality of goods, control of balances and prices. This role was played by the market overseer, which included both Muslims and non-Muslims, taking into account the conditions of the treaty. It was stipulated that the dhimmi people (non-Muslims living in an Islamic state with legal protection), should be treated within the limits of a new society based on the Islamic religion. It was deprived of a kind, set rituals and appointed manners that dhimmi must follow. It allows such people to coexist in an Islamic society that has its rules and requirements between lawful and non-lawful deeds to apply the principles and teachings of the Islamic religion. The Islamic State has not neglected to guarantee some of the freedoms it has allowed to the people of dhimmi. Such freedoms do not contradict the teachings of religion and the general principles of the Islamic State. This reflects its tolerance of its subjects of other religions, unlike some countries where other religions have been harmed and restricted to Muslims who pass or settle in that country. This research outlines the policy of the Islamic State to deal with the people of dhimmi through texts derived from the Holy Qur'an and the Prophet's Sunnah. In addition, the mention of practical practices in this regard is carried out by the Holy Prophet (peace be upon him and his progeny) and the caliphs. In addition, it shows the role of the calculated in the performance of his supervisory role on the people of dhimmi. Besides, it shows us the supervision of the Prophet (peace be upon him) on the people of dhimmi and their transactions in the sales and forbidden the forbidden sales and the sanctity of its money. It was also clear that it is not permissible to tolerate the people of dhimmi in matters of religion and divine law because of the seriousness of this matter on Islam, and the covenant written during the reign of the second wise caliph Omar ibn al-Khattab (may Allah accept him) was the basis on which the relationship between the Islamic State and the people of dhimmi was based. He adopted it in the practice of his supervisory work on the people of dhimmi, which contained many religious, economic and social obligations that organized their public life in the Islamic State.
The Influence of Education on Economy Development
Abstract There is dialectic relation between education and economic development and close reciprocity between economic development and development of human resources as economic development required wide change in production , achievements and thinking in improving work powers , enrolling them in rehabilitating courses , raise their efficacy .Also enrolling them in training workshops , raise the work efficacy , giving them skills , abilities and abilities to endure and its capabilities that could make required development , any increase in production and increase of national fortunes by increase of production in services and goods and this is " an important source " for economic development and increase of the current yea balance.
Iraq's position of the Lebanese civil war 1975-1976
Research Summary The research deals with Iraq's position of the Lebanese civil war and the Efforts made by Iraq in order to stop the bleeding of this war, the research also deals with the nature of regime in Lebanon and the developments that preceded the war and the positions of the internal and external competing forces, as weu as handling the Iraqi Syrian disagreement and it's impaet on the situation of Lebanon and the war developments. The research focused on the Iraq's position towards the externd proposed solutions to solve the Lebanese civil war.
The Metathesis Effect In Nahj Al-Balaghah
The Metathesis Effect In Nahj Al-Balaghah Dr. Saad Sabah Jassim Imam Ja`far al-Sadiq University Abstract This research took a set of approach explanations to present one of the common phenomena in Arabic, which is the phenomenon ( The Metathesis ), which is considered one of the transactional phonological phenomena in the sounds of word structures such as symmetry, incoherence, disagreement, verbalization, and others, aiming at achieving ease and facilitation in pronunciation, but it differs from those The phenomena in which the change in it is limited to the places of arrangement of sounds in the structure of the word , And not in the voices; As the speaker resorts to the use of this phenomenon represented by introducing some letters of the word and delaying some of them in the event that it is impossible to resort to symmetry, contradiction, rationing, commutation, dip and other aspects of bringing the sound closer to the sound in order to achieve lightness and ease in pronunciation. Rather, the metathesis occurred in the body of the approach due to the different narratives of the commentator, and the research came in two requests, the first: to define the approach of rhetoric and its explanations, and the second: to study the metathesis in Nahj al-Balaghah, which came in types according to the body of the approach.