The Environmental Impact of the Northern and Southern Green belts in Karbala Governorate for the year 2021

Abstract

 In view of the environmental challenges facing the Karbala governorate, in light of its suffering from a group of natural and human factors and causes that affected one way or another in creating an environmental revolution for the exploitation of nature in the most horrific ways without paying attention to the problems that appear later, the governorate suffers from urban encroachment towards the outskirts of the city at the expense of the allocated spaces For recreation and tourism, which caused this encroachment and with the help of climatic conditions such as high temperatures, evaporation, low rainfall and low water discharge of the Euphrates River, all of these reasons created desert conditions, especially in the outskirts of the cities towards the borders of the governorate. Its images were embodied by the gathering of sand and the formation of sand dunes and the destruction of the soil cover, which prompted the Karbala Agriculture Directorate to address this issue by taking the necessary measures to reduce desertification. The number of planted palms reached approximately (19562), and more than (59,426) olive trees and (364723) eucalyptus trees were planted around the outskirts of Karbala city in order to improve the environmental reality of the city and Karbala governorate. In order to overcome the crisis of the difficult environmental conditions embodied in some of its desertified lands as a result of human causes and activities, it had the greatest impact in causing various forms of pollution, especially in the impact on the high concentrations of air pollutants and its dangers to public health, especially since the governorate is located within the hot, dry desert climate. The green belt is one of the most important development solutions to preserve the ecological ecosystem of the city and governorate of Karbala.