The science of chemistry in the letters of the Ikhwān al-ṣafā and Khalan Al-Wafa "Brethren of Purity" (4th century A.H /10th century A.D) (historical study)
Keywords:
chemistry, the letters, Ikhwān al-ṣafā, Brethren of Purity, science of chemistry, letters of the Ikhwān al-ṣafāAbstract
Abstract:
The brothers of Ikhwān al-ṣafā and Khalan Al-Wafa "Brethren of Purity" were interested in the science of chemistry and knew this science and made it a chemistry industry and they followed the old doctrine of secrecy in it, and they believed that some minerals would be transformed into the ground within a long or short time according to the mineral. Definitions of distillation, escalation, analysis and convention, and they knew mixing and blending, and the Al-Safa Brothers discussed the processes of purification, softening, filtering, casting, and thawing, and explained them practically and explained the effect of each addition on them, what changed in them chemically, and these additions were termed (drugs and pharmaceutical) , and the Al-Safa Brothers distinguished themselves in offering the chemical sequence (the ranks and stations) where they realized the existence of a free natural sequence for them and they headed that after the water comes the salt and after the dirt comes the plaster and used the word Ashraf to denote the differentiation of each other in the purity of their chemically mineral and count them, and they knew the possibility of fire in The separation of gems by analysis, examination and purification
